Rabbit Anti-Human Gremlin-1
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| Cat-Nr. | 102-PA46 |
| Size | 200 µg |
| Price | 305 € |
| Category | Polyclonal Antibody |
| Clone Nr. | Rabbit IgG |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Formulation | lyophilized |
| Buffer | PBS |
| Reconstitution | Centrifuge vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. |
| Stability and Storage | The lyophilized antibody is stable for at least 2 years at -20°C. After sterile reconstitution the antibody is stable at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. Frozen aliquots are stable for at least 6 months when stored at -20°C. Addition of a carrier protein or 50% glycerol is recommended for frozen aliquots. |
| Preparation | Purified from sera of rabbits pre-immunized with highly pure (>95%) recombinant human Gremlin-1 (Lys25-Asp1848) derived from E. coli. |
| Antigen | Recombinant human Gremlin-1 (RT #200-070). |
| Application | WB |
| Synonyms | GREM1; DRM; PIG2; DAND2; IHG-2; GREMLIN; CKTSF1B1; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein; Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1; DAN domain family member 2; Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; Increased in high glucose protein 2 |
| Description | Gremlin, also known as “Increased in High Glucose protein 2” (IHG2) and “Down regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein” (Drm), is a 28 kDa member of the Dan family of secreted glycoproteins. Native human Gremlin consist of 160 amino acids. The mature region contains one potential site for N-linked glycosylation (Asn42), a cysteine-rich region, and a cysteine-knot motif (aa94-184) whose structure is shared by members of the TGFβ superfamily. Posttranslational modifications include glycosylation and phosphorylation (1-3). Human Gremlin exists in both secreted and membrane-associated forms and there exist 2 isoforms. The aa sequence identity of human Gremlin with mouse and chicken Gremlin is 99% and 86%, respectively. Northern blot analysis shows that Gremlin mRNA is highly expressed in the small intestine, fetal brain and colon, and weakly expressed in adult brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Gremlin functions as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. It acts by binding to, and forming heterodimers with, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7, thus preventing them from interacting with their cell surface receptors. This mechanism is thought to be responsible for the pattern-inducing activity of Gremlin during embryonic development and to play a role in human diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy). However, intracellular BMP-independent mechanisms of action may mediate the ability of Gremlin to suppress transformation and tumor genesis under certain experimental conditions. Gremlin also interacts with Slit proteins and acts as an inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. In addition, Gremlin has been found to be a proangiogenic factor expressed by endothelium. Furthermore Gremlin is a novel agonist of the major proangiogenic receptor VEGFR2. |
| Uniprot ID | O60565 |
| Protein RefSeq | NP_037504.1 |
| mRNA RefSeq | NM_013372.6 |
Figures
Western Blot analysis of anti-human Gremlin-1. Samples were loaded in 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel under reducing conditions.
Lane 1: MWM (kDa); lane 2: rm Grem1; lane 3: rh Grem1; lane 4: rh Grem1.
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