Human GM-CSF
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| Cat-Nr. | 200-004 |
| Size | 2 µg |
| Price | 65 € |
| Source | E. coli |
| Formulation | lyophilized |
| Purity Confirmation | > 98% by SDS-PAGE |
| Length [aa] | 127 |
| Molecular Weight | 14.5 kDa |
| N Terminal Sequence | APARSPSPST |
| Endotoxin Levels | < 0.1 ng per µg of GM-CSF |
| Biological Activity | The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells is <0.1ng/ml corresponding to a specific activity of ≥1 x 107units/mg. |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Buffer | PBS, pH7.2 |
| Reconstitution | The lyophilized rh GM-CSF is soluble in water and most aqueous buffers and can be reconstituted in water to a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. This solution can be diluted into other buffered solutions or stored at -20°C for future use. |
| Stability and Storage | The lyophilized powder although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, is best stored desiccated at -20°C. Reconstituted GM-CSF should be stored in working aliquots at -20°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). |
| Synonyms | CSF2; GM-CSF |
| Description | Recombinant human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), a 14,5 kDa protein consisting of 127 amino acid residues (Ala18-Glu144), is a potent species specific stimulator of bone marrow cells and several other cell types. GM-CSF was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has also been reported to have a functional role on non-hematopoietic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. GM-CSF is species specific and human GM-CSF has no biological effects on mouse cells. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through binding to specific cell surface receptors. The high affinity receptors required for human GM-CSF signal transduction have been shown to be heterodimers consisting of a GM-CSF-specific α chain and a common β chain that is shared by the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5. |
| Protein Sequence | APARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEARRLLNLSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE |
| Uniprot ID | P04141 |
| Protein RefSeq | NP_000749 |
| mRNA RefSeq | NM_000758 |
Figures
SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant human GM-CSF. Sample was loaded in 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel under reducing condition and stained with Silver stain.
Dose-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation in TF-1 cells by recombinant human GM-CSF and the WHO standard 88/646. Values are the means (±SD) of triplicate determinations and expressed as percentage of control.
Reference
- Human Neutrophil Peptide-1 (HNP-1): A New Anti-Leishmanial Drug Candidate. S. Dabirian at al., PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Oct; 7(10): e2491.
- Inflammatory Macrophages Induce Nrf2 Transcription Factor-dependent Proteasome Activity in Colonic NCM460 Cells and Thereby Confer Anti-apoptotic Protection. S. Sebens et al., J Biol Chem. 2011 Nov 25; 286(47): 40911–40921.
- In Lysinuric Protein Intolerance system y+L activity is defective in monocytes and in GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages. A. Barilli et al., Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010; 5: 32.
- Hantavirus Infection of Dendritic Cells. M. J. Raftery et al., J Virol. 2002 Nov; 76(21): 10724–10733.
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